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Pinealon — Research Overview Chemical Name: L-Glutamic acid-L-Aspartic acid-L-Arginine Sequence: Glu-Asp-Arg (EDR) Also Known As: Pinealon, EDR peptide, EDR tripeptide Molecular Formula: C15H26N6O8 Classification: Synthetic tripeptide bioregulator / peptide bioregulator / cytomedine / neuroprotective research peptide Origin: Pinealon was developed from analysis of the amino acid composition of bovine brain (pineal gland region) extracts as […]

PEG-MGF (Pegylated Mechano Growth Factor) — Research Overview Full Name: Pegylated Mechano Growth Factor Abbreviation: PEG-MGF Also Known As: PEG-IGF-1Ec, PEGylated MGF, pegylated myotrophin Core Peptide Sequence (MGF E-domain): 24-amino acid synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminal E-domain of the IGF-1Ec splice variant. Sequence: Tyr-Gln-Pro-Pro-Ser-Thr-Asn-Lys-Asn-Thr-Lys-Ser-Gln-Arg-Arg-Lys-Gly-Ser-Thr-Phe-Glu-Glu-Arg-Lys-Cys (with PEG attachment typically via succinyl linkage) PEGylation: Polyethylene glycol

PE-22-28 — Research Overview Chemical Name: PE 22-28 (7-amino acid fragment corresponding to residues 22-28 of the sortilin/NTSR3 propeptide sequence) Also Known As: PE-22-28, Mini-Spadin, spadin analog Parent Compound: Spadin (PE 12-28) — a 17-amino acid secreted peptide derived from the propeptide of the neurotensin receptor 3 / sortilin (NTSR3/sortilin) Origin of PE-22-28: Identified through

NAD+ (Buffered) — Research Overview Chemical Name: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (oxidized form) Also Known As: NAD+, NAD, beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, DPN (diphosphopyridine nucleotide — historical name) Structure: Dinucleotide consisting of two nucleotides joined by a phosphate linkage — adenosine monophosphate (AMP) connected to nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) through a 3′,5′ phosphoanhydride bond. The nicotinamide ring is

MT-2 (Melanotan II) — Research Overview Chemical Name: [Nle4, D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH cyclo(5-10) — Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2 Also Known As: MT-2, Melanotan II, Melanotan-2, MTII Structure: Synthetic cyclic heptapeptide (7 amino acids in a cyclic ring via a lactam bridge) — a truncated and cyclized analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. The cyclic structure confers resistance to enzymatic degradation compared to

MT-1 (Melanotan 1) — Research Overview Chemical Name: [Nle4, D-Phe7]-alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone International Nonproprietary Name: Afamelanotide Also Known As: MT-1, Melanotan I, Melanotan-1, NDP-alpha-MSH, NDP-MSH, CUV-1647, CUV1647 FDA Brand Name: Scenesse (afamelanotide 16 mg implant, Clinuvel Pharmaceuticals) Structure: Synthetic linear tridecapeptide (13 amino acids) — identical to physiological alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) with two strategic amino acid

MOTS-c — Research Overview Full Name: Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-C Abbreviation: MOTS-c Sequence: 16 amino acid peptide encoded by a 51-base pair short open reading frame (sORF) within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene (MT-RNR1) Origin: Mitochondrial genome — making MOTS-c unique among all peptides in this research catalog as the

LL-37 — Research Overview Chemical Name: LL-37 (human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide) Full Sequence: LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES Precursor: Encoded by the CAMP gene (cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene) as an 18 kDa inactive precursor protein called hCAP18 (human cationic antimicrobial protein 18). The active 37-amino acid C-terminal peptide LL-37 is released from hCAP18 by proteolytic processing by neutrophil elastase,

KPV — Research Overview Chemical Name: Lysine-Proline-Valine Also Known As: KPV, α-MSH(11-13), Lys-Pro-Val, alpha-MSH C-terminal tripeptide One-Letter Abbreviation: K-P-V (from the single-letter amino acid codes for Lysine, Proline, and Valine) Source: Endogenous fragment — KPV constitutes amino acids 11 through 13 at the C-terminal end of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), the tridecapeptide SYSMEHFRWGKPV Structure: Tripeptide (3

Kisspeptin-10 — Research Overview Chemical Name: Kisspeptin-10 (KP-10) Also Known As: KP-10, metastin (45-54), kisspeptin decapeptide, C-terminal kisspeptin fragment Sequence: The conserved 10 amino acid C-terminal sequence of kisspeptin-54, which is the minimal bioactive fragment retaining full GPR54 (KISS1R) agonist activity Gene: KISS1 gene — encodes a 145-amino acid prepropeptide precursor that is proteolytically cleaved